Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Consider the ways in which Radcliffe associates fear and power in The Essay
Consider the ways in which Radcliffe associates fear and power in The Italian - Essay Example The name of the girl is Ellena. Like most romantic relationships ever depicted in works of fiction such as Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare, the love between these two young people is faced with lots of challenges. It is at this juncture where Radcliffe shows the direct connection between fear and power. After Vivaldi’s mother realises that her son is in love with the poor orphan, she immediately takes action to prevent the marriage. She uses Father Schedoni as the hit man to kill the relationship. She promises father Schedoni that she will help him get promoted if he manages to prevent the marriage. Father Schedoni then uses fear and intimidation to separate the two. At this juncture, Radcliffe uses another style of writing to deliver her thoughts on how fear and power is connected. In the story, father Schedoni is seen issuing threats and intimidating Vivaldi. Every time Vivaldi pays a visit to her lover, he meets with a Monk who tells him in an intimidating way that he shoul d leave the girl alone. However, Father Schedoni does not do this in person but rather uses an apparition to appear to Vivaldi. Radcliffe uses this style of writing as a way to not only entertain her audience but also as a way to drive home her point. The story being a renaissance story, it becomes necessary to understand how the inclusion of the spirit world would affect the story. To understand the importance of introducing this side of the story and using this style, one would have to understand how people in the earlier days would react to images of the spirit world. Radcliffe (453-476) discusses the use of ghosts and tries to indicate how this affects Radcliffe’s credibility. There could be a number of reasons why Radcliffe uses this style of writing to deliver her message (Clery, 158). To begin with, the appearance of the father as an apparition and in the form of a monk is an indication of the connection to the mysterious world of spirits, which can make things to be m ore fearsome. Secondly, although father Schedoni could appear as anything else such as a farmer to Vivaldi, he appears as a monk. A monk is a symbol of power and authority and in this case indicates that power and authority comes by fear, what Radcliffe is trying to tell her audience is the fact that to be powerful one has to be feared. Yet, to be feared, one has to frighten other people, to place their lives at risk in order that they will fear and respect him. This kind of attitude to power can be seen even in the modern Italian mafia. Radcliffe also connects fear and power in other ways. For instance, when Vivaldi’s mother uses Father Schedoni to circumvent the marriage, it is an indication of the fact that she is very powerful and that father Schedoni is also scared of her. This is however not exactly revealed until near the end of the novel where father Schedoni realises that Elena is his daughter. Father Schedoni is on a mission to assassinate Elena when he realizes tha t Elena was her blood daughter. After the realisation, he has to protect her and to do so, he has to hide her from Vivaldi’s mother, an indication that he was also scared of her. Fear is also propagated when Signora Bianchi, Elena’s aunt, suddenly and mysteriously dies after allowing Vivaldi to marry Elena and made Vivaldi the guardian of Elena. In this case, Radcliffe is trying to show how the powerful can use not only power, but also actual brutality in trying to keep the balances of power in check. Although it is not entirely clear who killed
Monday, October 28, 2019
Texas State Tort Claims Act Essay Example for Free
Texas State Tort Claims Act Essay This paper seeks to analyze and discuss State of Texas tort claim act and how it applies to local justice and security agencies. Local justice may be deemed to include any case that may be brought against the State of Texas, its agencies and its officials in their official capacities that could make them liable in the performance of their functions. On the other hand the security agencies may be treated as any other ordinary claimant for damages under the Tort Act since the law does specifically provide special exemption as to their treatment.  The waiver in the law talks about the State of Texas its agencies and its officials in their official capacities and providing for how the state could be liable to any claimant there are no special consideration as far as security agencies are concerned.  The rest of the paper will discuss more in detail about the scope and limitations of the Act.       As a general rule, a state is immune from suit hence the so called sovereign immunity, unless there is waiver. The Texas Tort Claims Act is therefore basically a passed legislative act as a waiver of the State of Texas, its agencies and its officials in their official capacities from lawsuits for damages. They can now be sued in court and these entities mentioned may now be made liable provided the conditions before they could be liable as provided in the act are complied with. There are also exceptions to the waiver as provided in court decisions (Driskill v. State, 787 S.W.2d 369, 370 (Tex. 1990)).      What is the Texas Tort Claims Act in greater detail?    The Texas Tort Claims Act comprises a set of statutes for determining the liability of governmental entity for tortious conduct under law of the State of Texas. It may be noted that sovereign immunity is about non-suability of as a state under all conditions since the state may not be burdened with defending itself every time and then. However for consideration of either justice or equity, the state can make a waiver through legislation. It is therefore logical to agree that prior to the adoption of the Texas Tort Claims Act, individuals and entities in Texas including security agencies could are banned or prohibited from recovering damages from state or local governmental units for injuries as a result of negligent actions of a government employee or officer in the performance of a governmental function.        The state is justified in giving governmental units the sovereign immunity it deserves for the protection of the state from governmental time and resources which could be subjected to unnecessary diminishment from private litigation and persuade people and entities to bring many actions against public officials to the detriment of their functioning effectively. The rule is also believed to be a protection of the government from sham or false suits that otherwise may possibly go to the pockets of corrupts public officials or it could further drain government resources that are better used to promote public service.      The Texas Legislature however in the exercise of its plenary law-making function evaluated the situation and ended up enacting the Texas Tort Claims Act in 1969. The Tort Act specifically waived only sovereign immunity for a governmental entity while engaged in a governmental function.           Under the new law, a governmental unit in the state of Texas is now made liable for:  (1) property damage, personal injury, and death proximately caused by the wrongful act or omission or the negligence of an employee acting within his scope of employment. This provision is however subject to further conditions.      One condition is that the State of Texas in only liable if the property damage, personal injury, or death arises from the operation or use of a motor-driven vehicle or motor-driven equipment. As for the personal liability to the person killed it would be the negligent employee who would be personally liable to the claimant according to Texas law.           The said part of the Tort Act should be further qualified by Tex. Civ. Prac. Rem. Code  § 101.021 which provided that personal injury and death so caused by a condition or use of tangible personal or real property if the governmental unit would, were it a private person, be liable to the claimant according to Texas law.        Are there liability limits for governmental units under the Tort Act?  The answer to the question is in the affirmative since it is provided that that liability of a municipality under the Act is limited to maximum amount of $250,000 for each person in the form money damages in case the victim is more than one but the amount should not exceed $500,000 for each single occurrence in the case of bodily injury or death. As for single occurrence for injury to or destruction of property, the amount of damage that State of Texas could be liable is $100,000 for each (Texas Tort Claims Act, 1969).       Does the Act amend liabilities for the performance of proprietary functions? The answer to the question is in the negative as the Tort Act does not limit the liability of a city or agency of Texas for damages that result from the city or agency’s performance of proprietary functions. Since the new law in made to address performance of official governmental functions, it may be safe to state that prior to the passage of the Act, a city or agency in Texas could already be held liable for the negligent performance of these proprietary functions.         As distinguished from governmental functions, Tex. Civ. Prac. Rem. Code  § 101.0215 (b) provides that proprietary functions are those functions that a municipality involve the exercise of discretion which is performed in the interest of the inhabitants of the municipality.        Under Texas law, 36 thirty six activities that are considered governmental functions, hence activities not mentioned in the law under Tex. Civ. Prac. Rem. Code  § 101.0215 should be considered proprietary functions and therefore not covered by the Tort Act of 1969. In other words, there is no need for waiver for liability under proprietary acts since with or without the tort law the State of Texas could made liable.         To understand these proprietary acts, there is need to enumerate some and these include the operation of amusements that are owned and operated by the municipality and the operation and maintenance of a public utility.          For purposes of classifying whether an act is proprietary or not, the same may be considered propriety absent any evidence that it is part of the 36 enumerated governmental functions which are presumed exclusive. This carries a necessary implication for the purposes of implementing the Tort Act, any activity that the state or its agencies engages in ,when not part of the listed of governmental function, must be deemed proprietary in nature and the state, its agencies cannot invoke the immunity and this could mean unlimited amount of damages that the court may award.      Since the Act is a waiver of state immunity, hence implying immunity for those not waived. Hence it could be asked whether it grants implied immunity for individual public officials. As illustrated earlier the employees was made liable for the personal injury not the property damage, hence the answer to the question is in the negative.      The Act is clear that it applies only to immunity for the governmental entity itself or the state of Texas and its agencies. Issues of exemption public official from liability are not necessarily part of the state immunity but should be treated as issues under the concept of official immunity. To know the same there is need to note how Texas courts applied and adopted a doctrine of limited official immunity, where the courts may declare a public officer or employee not liable from personal liability for acts within the scope of the officer’s or employee’s governmental authority.       It must be made clear however that under present Texas case law, there is either absolute immunity or qualified immunity (Olowofoyeku,1993; Rosenwein, 1999) to a public servant. This will depend upon the type of authority enjoyed by that individual. To illustrate, there is no question that judges are generally entitled to the defense of absolute or complete immunity in the exercise of judicial functions (Turner v. Pruitt, 342 S.W.2d 422, Tex. 1961). This is however limited as far as negligent acts are concerned. Moreover it must be made clear the judicial function of judges is always governmental and never proprietary.     Having said this, it would mean that a great number of Texas public servants may only enjoy defense of qualified immunity from liability, where the liability for discretionary actions could be appreciated if the officials acted in good faith within the scope of the officer’s or employee’s authority.       As to what constitutes an action to be in good faith is a question of fact while a discretionary action requires latitude of exercising judgment. Necessarily therefore, qualified immunity for ministerial or mandatory actions should not be available since the public official is just complying with an order and therefore there is absence of choice (Worsham v. Votgsberger, 129 S.W. 157, Civ.App. 1919, no writ).The duties of jailers and sheriffs in their receipt and care for prisoners are typically considered or held to be ministerial, hence the same people could not just invoke qualified immunity as defense when they are charged in court to be negligent in their function.           It may be concluded that the State of Texas Tort Claim Act applies to local justice and security agencies the same with any other legal claimants in so far as the Tort Act allows the State of Texas, its agencies and its officials in their official capacities to be liable since the law takes the nature of waiver from the general rule that the sovereign state is immune from suit. A principle in law nicely puts it Where the law does not expressly exclude, the same must have been included. References: Driskill v. State, 787 S.W.2d 369, 370 (Tex. 1990) Olowofoyeku A. (1993) Suing Judges: A Study of Judicial Immunity; Clarendon Press, Rosenwein, B. (1999) Negotiating Space: Power, Restraint, and Privileges of Immunity in Early Medieval Europe ; Cornell University Press Worsham v. Votgsberger, 129 S.W. 157 (Civ.App. 1919, no writ) Tex. Civ. Prac. Rem. Code  § 101.021. Tex. Civ. Prac. Rem. Code  § 101.0215 (b) The Texas Tort Claims Act of 1969 Turner v. Pruitt, 342 S.W.2d 422 (Tex. 1961).
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Symbolism in The Great Gatsby Essay -- Classic American Literature
The Great Gatsby is one of the most renowned books known to mankind. A story about a man’s quest to fit into a society built for the rich whilst wooing a childhood crush may seem extremely simple and straightforward, however, the mystery is not behind the plot, but rather, it is in the writing itself. The words F. Scott Fitzgerald used were chosen with such delicacy, one cannot even hope to assume that anything was a mere coincidence. The book is laced with intricate strands of symbolism bound together by a single plot. One of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s more major themes is the use of locations. The importance of location as symbols are further expressed through the green light at the end of the dock as well as the fresh, green breast of the new world. The green light at the end of the dock has symbolized a hope that Gatsby had. The green light was a light at the end of Daisy’s dock. In the beginning of the book, Gatsby was shown staring at the light with a longing expression. It shows that the green light is a symbol of Gatsby’s hope that Daisy is still available. The green li...
Thursday, October 24, 2019
What I shall be in 30 years’ time
In my moments of solitude, I haven often mused about this. What will I be in 30 years? That seems a long way ahead but then time does pass by and in a blink of an eye, the years will roll past and I shall be 48. Have I earned a niche in my life? Am I successful in my career? Am I happy in my marriage? How many kids will I have? Sometimes, an image of a hen-pecked husband having to put up with a wife who nags constantly and spends extravagantly imposes itself in my mind or I would be successful in the corporate world? Well, if I really made it in my life, then that signals the star of a pleasurable life. The saying ‘Life begins at 40’ is true. I shall sit back and enjoy my life to the fullest. Perhaps I could own a profitable company and called it L. O. Sdn. Bhd. It coud be even listed on the KL Exchanges Main Board. I may even jet set round the world in my own private jet whether it is solely for business or pleasure e. g one evening in Paris and the next in London. If time permits, I shall go globe trotting, visit some of the Seven Wonders of the world like The Great Wall of China in Beijing, The Pyramid of Egypt, Taj Mahal in India, Eiffel Tower in Paris, Leaning Tower of Paris, Grand Canyon in Arizona and The Colosseum in Rome where I can re-live the days of the gladiators. On the other hand, I could just be an average income earner, married with a simple, humble and attractive woman and have 3 children. I shall enjoy the company of a closely-knit, harmonious family. Hopefully my children will be well-behaved, disciplined and intelligent. If that is the case, what more can I ask from God? Life would certainly be fulfilling and rewarding. I do not know exactly what my fate in world in life will be. Perhaps I might remain single, end up as a confirm bachelor. That is possible if I do not meet my watch, Miss Right. I do not think I will feel lonely or disappointed. I would rather remain single than marry and later find myself on the verge of a divorce. During my free time I shall be actively involved in charity of socials, volunteer myself in helping the needy, go for activities like fishing, jet skiing, parachuting or some other sports. I could even adopt orphans. As long as I am financially independent and contented with my life, I see no necessity in tying the knot and regretting later. All the images above are but a fragment of the imagination where hopes, dreams and reality are mixed. Hopes are the start of a bright and glorious future. Hence, I would cling to them. How can dreams and hopes come true for a person if he does not dream?
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Current And Future Use of Technology Essay
Spotify has provided a way for people to access and share music with services such as exchange of selections and even mobile access. In the process of providing these services, the users’ data is acquired through initial registration and this helps categorize the market. The main target for Spotify is not registration of premium accounts without adverts but the free use by the public where adverts can be played in between songs. There are many issues handled by Spotify in the business including competition from existing online music selling companies like Sony and Apple, and challenges on fair artists’ royalties with restrictions by copyrights in some regions. The e business strategy is well established for Spotify as the company deals with music producing companies and companies who look for a way to advertise brands. The peer to peer technology used and the feature of listening to music even when offline together with a simple user interface are all technological advantages of Spotify that make it popular in the market. The future of Spotify is based on integration of the software into hand held processing devices like modern phones, and having a good relation with the sources of music. E-Business background Spotify’s business idea was to create a medium through which to provide advertisers with a way of reaching a traceable and response predictable market. By creating a digital library of a wide variety of music and an interface through which listeners can register and listen to music free, Spotify was able do just that. There are adverts pushed in between songs and last for between 15 and 30 seconds. The users that don’t want to get interference from the audio adverts can pay a monthly fee to stop them. The portion of listeners who pay this fee is so small compared to the free users, who form the main market idea for Spotify. The company has arrangement with the world’s major labels to provide their music and in return claim an 18% stake in the company. The integration of the music producing companies, the listeners and the advertisers forms the e-business model for Spotify. There is competition from similar companies like Last. fm, Amazon (which sells music online), my space and facebook; with the direct rival being Last. fm. Spotify and Last. fm have integrated their systems though and this form a way to create an entry hardship in an effort to protect high profit business and raise competition advantage for both companies to realize. Porters Five Forces model Spotify’s business faces the five forces from threats of substitute, barriers to entry, supply power, buyers power and rivalry (Porter 1985). There are various ways that it has put up strategies to deal with this. First, there is the presence of substitute firms like Last. com; Spotify has planned to sing a deal in merged operations with the company in order to increase the business opportunities for both sides. It was proposed that the advertisers/brands could then be able to buy advertising services across the platforms of the two companies (McCormick 2009). According to the nature of the platform on which the adverts are run, Spotify has created a medium where the message is streamline with the music being listened to. Apart from the major rival with whom Spotify agrees to merge business with, the brands will face a hard time looking for an alternative service of the kind. Thus the buyer’s power is low, considering that there are also many scattered brands to advertise through the electronic platform. Furthermore, the platform provides a way of major record labels availing their music to the users, making sure that brands can get the largest number of music fans at Spotify, which they cannot get from online music shops. On the suppliers’ power towards Spotify’s business, there are many music producing labels that offer a variety of music. Also, the fact that the buyers of the service are somewhat weak, the suppliers are also put in the same line; because advertisers has no much power over Spotify, they cannot demand of specific record labels. Since the entry of Spotify into the e-business, the key issue is to keep the prices offered virtually low in order to provide a barrier of entry of new competition. One strategy applied by firms to this effect is merging their markets and operations so that they can enjoy economies of scale and protect the high profit market from other entrants while keeping the quality of services high. This was a case possible from the Spotify’s deal with Last. fm. There is rivalry in the industry of e-business and marketing through electronic means has been applied by many companies. The industry is disciplined though, from previous competition, the methods of enticing the music fans and through ease of use of platforms by the market forming population. The application streams music with no buffering times and provides a very wide variety of ready to listen categories of songs; from major record labels. The fact that the market for Spotify seems to be exponentially growing means that soon the buyers will be so many and so their power will go down, providing a business advantage for the company ( ). E-Marketing The internet is a unique marketing medium in that it provides a global market with instant response dynamism. The fact that when a product is advertised through the internet can reach millions of users within a short while is enough to make it a rich market. Spotify has its marketing strategy based on online access of adverts by the users in their endeavor to listen to music. Data and Market Analysis The strongest part of Spotify registration of users is that it takes the demographic data so that the company is in a position to provide marketing strategies to advertisers based on age, location and music taste. The ability to analyze and classify a market is important to advertisers, especially when it involves technical goods and services. Promotion and mobile services The introduction of the mobile version of Spotify software has helped in a far reaching marketing strategy. The whole issue has been in news for sometime and major discussion blogs and websites like BBC NEWS, leading to less costly promotion effect in Europe. The market in Spotify is really the online internet resource as well as the users PC’s and portable mobile Activities Spotify engages in various activities that are geared towards having a wide base of users so that it can reach more people when targeting an audience for an advert. These activities include; invite scheme, tell a friend and viral advertising. The â€Å"invite scheme†is where the newly registered and the existing members are given an opportunity to invite friends and family to experience Spotify while still promoting the premium membership. The â€Å"tell a friend†activity involves a Spotify inbuilt tool to spread word of mouth. This is a strategy to use the existing users to get the message to their friends using the already existing internet framework. The other one is viral advertising where the medium mainly used is social networking frameworks like facebook. The most visited WebPages are targeted and a multimedia message displayed. Web-design Spotify has created a peer to peer application that streams music between the listeners computer, whether online or offline. Spotify has a service to which clients connect and have the contents of the cache summarized in an index which is then sent to Spotify’s stream hub. The data in the index is usually used to alert other users of the additional peers they can connect to, to fetch streamed data for specific songs being played. This arrangement is enabled and tolerated by each upon start up. Each client listen to incoming connections from other Spotify clients like a server and connects to other users to exchange cached data. The users are actually not in apposition to configure the connections or alter the bandwidth of transmission of data. These settings are hard coded in the system. The design of the entire architecture may be complicated but the interface used by the listeners is so simple and effective. There are just few controls of play, rewind and forward. The Spotify application offers the following features to the users; Catalogue: Spotify offers users access to millions of music tracks including songs from major music labels. Some specific music from some artists may not be available due to boundary regulations in the copyright. Playlists: it allows users to create collections of favorite music and lets them share them. The users can also edit the playlists with other users together through collaborating software. For this purpose, the playlists can be shared through an email or instant messaging window. On accessing the link, the data gets downloaded into Spotify. Integration with Last. fm: the specific feature from last. fm is the ability to collect the users’ preference in music and store it into Last. fm’s database. This has been integrated into Spotify without requiring external plug-ins (Spotify Archives 2010). Radio feature: this creates random playlists of songs related to the music of the currently selected artist. Spotify has a simple to use interface that allows the user to search for music by artist, album or title. It displays the user chosen playlist and some advert image, which on clicking, one can explore the promotion (Spotify Forums 2010). Business-to-Business (B2B) Spotify has introduced the music service to the listeners and charge a certain rate for ad free music. However, it does not rely on this for its source of revenue. It largely relies on the free service where the listeners will have to bear with the adverts. At this point, it does business with other firms that want to advertise their brands to the listeners. The main target for business is therefore dealing with other companies that want to reach the audience. On the same platform, there is collaboration with major record labels where they claim a certain percentage stake in the company and in turn provide their music libraries to Spotify (Nylander 2009). Spotify focuses on doing business with other businesses in its plans. It has tailored it product for mobile phones and approached the mobile phone making companies like apple in an effort to do business with them (Emerald). This is a direct challenge to Apple’s iTunes though and touches on the competition end. Mobile Commerce Spotify has produced a mobile version of the application that can allow users with premium accounts to access and listen to music wherever they go. It also allows the users to download a certain number of songs on to the phone for listening while out of network range. Mobile business seems to be the future of IT marketing, especially with the progress and expectations of pervasive mobile programming. By considering the mobile version of the application to target the users on the move and virtually at all instances of life, Spotify has provided a wider more reaching market for its business. Given that all the mobile users will have to be premium users, the focus of mobile versions will be to create a customer base where the services will be like a contract between Spotify and the user (Ionescu 2009). This eliminates the advertisers from the picture and allows Spotify to compete with earlier established businesses on the same line like Apple, while still spreading the risk. Instead of relying on the advertising source alone, the company can now create a one to one relation with the music fans through their premium accounts. Conclusions It is a good business plan for Spotify to create such a huge market base by having so many users registered, both free and premium categories. The plan of pushing adverts into streamed music provides an excellent way of gaining the revenue from brands. On the mobile world, it provides a good way of reaching a wider market and a premium account for the mobile is a plus on the revenue. This was a wise decision considering the processing power of phones cannot be compared to that of PC’s. The strategy of extending into the mobile world was a good way of preparing for the future of IT with the trends in pervasive mobile programming. Mobile marketing will form an even wider market considering the more frequent use and an extension of the PC use after work hours. Recommendations The competition in the market is high and Spotify will have to deal with some issues, especially with the application interface and specifically the technology on the size of bandwidth among other resource utilized on users machines. Criticism is usually on the fact that the interface does not give a user the access to control the amount of resources like bandwidth that Spotify uses against other systems on the same machine. The issue of coming up with a way of establishing the classification of music sources with their effect on the market using the users data to determine the ratings would be an important thing to indulge in, in order to establishing a fair royalties to the artists in order to keep everyone happy and the future of Spotify bright (BBC News 2010). More concentration on helping the production teams with useful demographic and ratings information will give the company a strong relationship with the source of music, the medium they use to make money. References BBC News, (2010) ‘Spotify boss Daniel Ek sets out future plans’, [Online], Available: http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/8478599. stm Porter M. (1998) ‘Competitive strategy: techniques for analyzing industries and competitors’, Free Press, ISBN 0684005778, 9780684005775. McCormick, A. (2009) ‘Spotify and Last. fm moot partnership’, Britannica article; Revolution (14605953) [Online], Available: http://www. britannica. com/bps/additionalcontent/18/38216709/Spotify-and-Lastfm-moot-partnership Ionescu D. , Nov 23, 2009, Spotify Lands App for Symbian Phones, today@PCworld, [Online], Available: http://www. pcworld. com/article/182833/spotify_lands_app_for_symbian_phones. html Robert Andrews, 2009, Apple Approves Spotify’s iPhone App, web article on Paid Content: UK, [Online], Available: http://paidcontent. co. uk/article/419-spotify-says-apple-still-testing-iphone-app-spotify-vanishes-from-app-s/ Emerald, Current CITE-ings from the popular and trade computing press, Library Hi Tech News, Volume 26, Issue 9, [Online], Available: http://www. emeraldinsight. com. ezproxy. cqu. edu. au/Insight/ViewContentServlet? contentType=NonArticle&Filename=Published/NonArticle/Articles/23926iae. 001. html Spotify Archives (2010) ‘Spotify for iPhone v0. 4 now available’, [Online], Available: http://www. spotify. com/int/blog/archives/2010/03/31/iphone-v4/ Johan Nylander, Record labels part owner of Spotify, from The Swedish Wire, Published Friday, 07 August 2009, [Online], Available: http://www. swedishwire. com/business/680-record-labels-part-owner-of-spotify Spotify Forums, What is Spotify? Why choose Spotify? How much advertising? [Online], Available: http://www. spotify-forum. com/what_is_spotify. php
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Coach Carter Essays
Coach Carter Essays Coach Carter Paper Coach Carter Paper Coach Carter was a great leader and coach, who encouraged is team and pushed them to be the best they could possibly become. Many of the characters are seen in a negative light at the beginning of the film however as the film progresses Coach Carter leadership style show how he influence his students in overcoming adversity and transform them to be become winners on and off the field. Some of the main themes in this film is the importance of leadership, unity, discipline, and education. Leadership Movie Coach Carter (2005) Film Transformational leadership is a process that changes and transform people. It is concerned with emotions, values, ethics, standards, and long-term goals. It includes assessing followers motives, satisfying their needs, and treating them as full human beings. Transformational leadership involves an exceptional form of influence that moves followers to accomplish more than what is usually expected of them. It is a process that often incorporates charismatic and visionary leadership. (Morehouse Sixth Edition 2013). This relates to Coach Carter because at the start of the film one of his student, Time Cruz was so adamant not to follow the rules of Coach Carter which leads him dropping out the basketball team. However later on within e film o see Cruz wanting to come back to join the team and to prove to Coach Carter that he has changed and will do anything to prove to coach carter to get back on the basketball team. This shows that transformational leadership theory was used as Coach Carter had the power to influence Cruz enough for him to want to change and to become more than just a good basketball player but also academically. Transformational leadership theory is built up from four main factors; idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration. Idealized influence it is the emotional component of leadership (Antiskid 2012). Idealized influence describes leaders who act as strong role models for followers. They can be trusted and respected by most people they work with which allows that leader to be trustworthy to make big decisions for who they are currently leading. Inspirational motivation leaders are individuals who communicate high committed to and a part of the shared vision in the organization. Team spirit is enhanced by this type of leadership which will lead to positive attitudes which helps to achieving goals. Intellectual stimulation is where the leader oho encourage innovation and creativity through challenging the normal beliefs or views of a group. An example of this type of leadership is they like to promote critical thinking and problem solving within the individuals they are working with to allow a better outcome on what they are focusing on. Individual consideration is where the leader is very considerate with the individuals they are working with by advising them as well as coaching them. They encourage the individuals to allow them to reach their goals. Effective transformational adhering results in performances that exceed organizational expectations. Figure 9. 3 illustrates the additive effect of transformational leadership because managers must pull together the components to reach performance beyond expectations (Morehouse, 2013). Motivational Leadership Motivation can be defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act. A motivational leader will have the ability to motivate the team and make the team want to behave in a certain way and do certain things as the outcome will give them satisfaction. Coach Carter uses motivational goals, for example he puts a ban on the gym and they have to achieve good grades in school before they are able to play basketball again. Motivational leaders must be committed to the social good of the organization. The social good is a broad term that can refers to the leaders willingness to take on the responsibility of trying to advance the overall human good and value of the organization. Coach Carter has these three aspects of motivation (willingness, dominance, and social good) he display those behavior throughout the movie. Trait Approach to Leadership Trait approach to leadership can be related closely to the personality traits mentioned on the what is leadership page. Original research on Trait theories (Stodgily, 1948; Mann 1 959) and trait approach often started with a list of leadership qualities which were seen as necessary for a successful leadership. This pie chart shows the Key Traits associated with leadership. When research into trait theories was carried out in the sasss it was believed that leadership traits could only be inherited and not taught (Goodwin, 2006). This theory was criticized by the sasss as it was noted that these same leadership traits were shared by a wider group of individuals who were not in leadership roles. Research continued to be carried out on trait approach despite some criticism. Gardner (1989) suggested that one individual with certain leadership qualities that can lead in one situation is able to lead in a different situation too. Again, this was criticized for minimizing the impact of the situation (Sadler 1997 in Doyle and Smith, 2001 ) and for the example of leadership qualities suggests, some were seen as behaviors and skills rather than qualities (Doyle and Smith, 2001). It is difficult to link trait approaches to specific examples of leaders as many leaders have some or all of the traits that are reckon sized. Coach Carter falls into this category. Coach Carter is intelligent he is well educated but he also has previous experience and knowledge of coaching basketball teams. Throughout the film coach carter shows integrity through upholding his believes and values even when doubted by other such as the head teacher, Other staff members, certain team members and even the whole local community. Coach Carter also shows signs of other traits, self-esteem, extroversion, conscientious and open o experience. Therefore it is arguable that Coach Carter leadership style also uses trait approach. These are behaviors and skills rather than qualities therefore it is dependent on how the individual uses these behaviors to determine whether they are an effective leader. Many individuals have these traits however it does not mean that every one of them will be a leader (Morehouse, 2010). Coach carter has these traits and he use them in the way that makes his leadership style successful. Authentic leadership has an explicit moral dimension. Underlying both the racial and theoretical approaches is the idea that authenticity requires leaders to do what is right and good for their followers and society. Authentic leaders understand their own values, place followers needs above their own, and work with followers to align their interests in order to create a greater common good. Morehouse 2013). For example, Coach Carter stops basketball practice because of the teams bad academic performance, one of his player Time Cruz Quits the team for a second time, eventually going back to work for Runny. Late one night, Runny (Times Cousin) is shot and killed on he sidewalk while Cruz is walking back to him after greeting his friends from the team. Cruz ends up at Carters house that night, apologizing for his behavior and begging him to allow him back on the team. So Carter lets Cruz back on the team, saving him from a future like his cousins. The actions Time has done shows that he now realizes that his Actions can heavily result on his future and this is a major sign of change. One of the best scene and speech was Coach Carter addressing to the board and Time Cruz to Coach Carter. [To the people in attendance at the board hearing] You really need to insider the message youre sending this boys by ending the lockout. Its the same message that we as a culture send to our professional athletes; and that is that they are above the law. If these boys cannot honor the Simple rules of a basketball contract, how long do you think it will be before theyre out there breaking the law? Played ball here at Richmond High 30 years ago. It was the same thing then; some of my teammates went to prison, some of them even ended up dead. If you vote to end the lockout, you wont have to terminate me; Ill quit. Coach Ken Carter. By the end of the film the hearted of Time Cruz is now shown in a positive light. Time Cruz speech to Coach Carter as he was walking out the gym. Time decides to tell him what his deepest fear was (throughout the film the Coach has been asking Time what is his deepest fear) Time Cruz replies: Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness, that most frightens us. Your playing small does not serve the world. There is nothing enlightened about shrinking so that other people wont feel insecure around you. We are all meant to shine as hillier do. Its not just in some of us; it is in everyone. And as we let our own lights shine, we unconsciously give other people permission to do the same. As we are liberated from our own fear, our presence automatically liberates others. Sir I just want say thank you You saved my life. He phrases a quoted from Marianne Williamson in her book, Return to Love. From Time Cruz point of view since returning back to the team he has left the drug trade for good. At the end of the movie it states that he was successful of getting a scholarship and he attended Humboldt State University where he plays settable as a starting guard. This movie was inspiring and motivational. It show leadership style, leadership traits, and leadership principles. It was enlighten to see a group of teenage misfits are turned around into positive and life affirming men who go on to do great things with their lives despite people constantly telling them that theyre nothing. One of the most important lessons from this movie is that when you start believing in yourself and your team and telling them positive things like you can succeed or as in the movie you can go to college Hat it opens the door on personal growth. For example: Dont let circumstances define the destiny of yourself or your team. In this leadership movie Coach Carters boss, the principle, denies that even half of the boys will graduate from high-school and yet they do and many went onto college. When your own leaders start telling you that success cannot happen, you should feel confident to challenge them respectfully and show with your results that transformation can happen and goals can be met. Secondly, your team will never be perfect, believe in who you have. No one is what you want them to be but leadership is about rising above peoples nakedness and building on what they do have to see them succeed. In conclusion Coach Carter displays a combination of leadership styles in the movie. Transformational leadership is thoroughly demonstrated throughout the movie. Transformational leadership is the ability of a leader to get people to do more than they originally expected to do in support of large scale innovation and change. By inspiring the team, Coach Carter envisioned each players can achieve far more than they could ever imagine. As a team he had made them suffer and triumph together. Carter had a positive influence on en another and most importantly he encouraged everyone to work at their full potential. Not only as basketball players, by maintaining a GAP of 2. 3 or greater, it had set an opportunity for senior players to graduate as well as further their academics and basketball career to a college degree. Challenging the team to take greater ownership for their work, and understanding the strengths and weaknesses of followers were few of the many things he was able to accomplish. The study concluded that there are positive benefits of transformational leadership in social work.
Sunday, October 20, 2019
The Provinces of the Roman Empire (Circa 120 CE)
The Provinces of the Roman Empire (Circa 120 CE) Roman provinces (Latin proviniciae, singular provincia) were administrative and territorial units of the Roman Empire, established by various emperors as revenue-generating territories throughout Italy and then the rest of Europe as the empire expanded. The governors of the provinces were often selected from men who had been consuls (Roman magistrates), or former praetors (the chief justice of magistrates) could also serve as governor. In some places such as Judaea, the comparatively lower ranking civil prefects were appointed the governor. The provinces provided a source of income for the governor and resources for Rome. Varying Borders The number and borders of the provinces under Roman rule changed nearly constantly as conditions altered in the various locations. During the latter period of the Roman Empire known as the Dominate, the provinces were each broken into smaller units. The following are the provinces at the time of Actium (31 BCE) with the dates (from Pennell) they were established (not the same as the date of acquisition) and their general location. Sicilia (Sicily, 227 BCE)Sardinia and Corsica (227 BCE)Hispania Citerior (eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, 205 BCE)Hispania Ulterior (southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, 205 BCE)Illyricum (Croatia, 167 BCE)Macedonia (mainland Greece, 146 BCE)Africa (modern Tunisia and western Libya, 146 BCE)Asia (modern Turkey, 133 BCE)Achaia (southern and central Greece, 146 BCE)Gallia Narbonensis (southern France, 118 BCE)Gallia Citerior (80 BCE)Cilicia (63 BCE)Syria (64 BCE)Bithynia and Pontus (northwestern Turkey, 63 BCE)Cyprus (55 BCE)Cyrenaica and Crete (63 BCE)Africa Nova (eastern Numidia, 46 BCE)Mauritania (46 BCE) Principate The following provinces were added under the emperors during the Principate: Rhaetia (Switzerland, Austria, and Germany, 15 BCE)Noricum (parts of Austria, Slovenia, Bavaria, 16 BCE)Pannonia (Croatia, 9 BCE)Moesia (Danube river region of Serbia, the Republic of Macedonia, and Bulgaria, 6 CE)Dacia (Transylvania, 107 CE)Britannia (Britain, 42 CE)Aegyptus (Egypt, 30 BCE)Cappadocia (central Turkey, 18 CE)Galatia (central Turkey, 25 BCE)Lycia (43 BCE)Judaea (Palestine, 135 CE)Arabia (Nabataea, 106 CE)Mesopotamia (Iraq, 116 CE)Armenia (114 CE)Assyria (disagreement on location, 116 CE) Italian Provinces Latium et Campania (Regio I)Apulia et Calabria (Regio II)Lucania et Bruttium (Region III)Samnium (Regio IV)Picenum (Region V)Tuscia et Umbria (Regio VI)Etruria (Regio VII)Aemilia (Regio VIII)Liguria (Regio IX)Venetia et Ager Gallicus (Regio X)Transpadana (Regio XI) Sources Pennell RF. 1894. Ancient Rome: From the Earliest Times Down to 476 A.D. Project Guttenberg.. Smith W. 1872. A dictionary of Greek and Roman Google Books. geography, Volume 2.
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